Secondary prevention of cancer: prevention through early detection
There is a difference between early cancer and late cancer. The former is similar to ordinary diseases and can obtain a high cure rate; The latter develops rapidly, metastasizes, and has been difficult to cure.Here are some examples of early detection, early treatment and prevention of cancer.
Case of the United States (Secondary prevention of cancer):
According to the report of American scholar shiparo in 1980, the health insurance plan of New York City has conducted a long-term study on 60000 women, which shows that the death rate of breast cancer has been reduced by 30% in 10 years for women older than 50 who accept physical examination and mammography. Stenkvist reported in 1984 that the late mortality of cervical cancer could be reduced by 75% through cervical smear examination. At present, 80% of women aged 20-39 in the United States have accepted the census, and 57% of women aged 40-70 have accepted the cervical cancer census.
Cancer prevention cases in China (Secondary prevention of cancer):
Jing’an County, Jiangxi Province, China carried out a general survey of cervical cancer from 1974 to 1985, achieving early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. In the past 10 years, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased by 56.03%, and the mortality has decreased by 84.56%. In Daixi Township, Tonggu County, adjacent to Jing’an County, as a control without continuous census, there was no significant difference in cervical cancer incidence between 1978 and 1988 census. The experience of local researchers is as follows:
- cervical cancer screening alone can only reduce the mortality of cervical cancer.
- treatment (prevention and treatment measures) for cervical atypical hyperplasia and cervical erosion found in the census can significantly reduce the mortality and incidence of cervical cancer.
- it is better to carry out regular continuous census than only one-time census; The effect of census combined with prevention and treatment measures is better than that of cervical cancer census only.
China has carried out a preliminary screening survey of lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other cancers in high-risk areas and high-risk groups of various cancers, as well as in some cities, industrial and mining areas, rural areas and troops. Many early-stage patients have been found and saved their lives. Therefore, the “secondary prevention” of cancer is to strive for early detection, early treatment, and race against time to prevent cancer from developing to an advanced stage.