Precancerous Mouth Cancer: symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms of precancerous mouth cancer

Precancerous conditions of the mouth, also known as oral dysplasia or leukoplakia, are areas of abnormal cell growth that have the potential to become cancerous if not treated. Here are some symptoms that may indicate precancerous mouth conditions:

1. White or red patches in the mouth: These may be flat or slightly raised and can sometimes appear glossy orVelvety.
2. Persistent sore or ulcer: Unlike a normal sore which heals within a couple of weeks, a precancerous lesion may last for several weeks or even months without healing.
3. Thickness or roughness of the mucosal lining: The lining of the mouth may feel thicker or rougher than normal.
4. Indentation or erosion of the tissue: There may be areas where the tissue appears to be wearing away or is indented.
5. Pain or discomfort: Sometimes there can be pain or a burning sensation in the area of the lesion.
6. Difficulty in chewing or swallowing: Lesions that grow can sometimes make it uncomfortable to chew or swallow.
7. A change in the fit of dentures: Growths or thickening of the oral tissue can cause dentures to fit poorly.
8. Numbness in any area of the mouth or tongue: This can indicate damage to nerves due to the growth of abnormal cells.

Not all white or red patches in the mouth are precancerous, and further examination by a healthcare professional is necessary for accurate diagnosis. Regular dental check-ups are important as dentists can often identify these conditions during routine exams. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult with a doctor or dentist for proper evaluation and management. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of these conditions progressing to cancer.

The treatment for precancerous mouth cancer

aims to remove or alter the abnormal cells to prevent them from developing into cancer. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Surgical Removal: The most common treatment is to surgically remove the lesion. This can often be done in a dentist’s or doctor’s office under local anesthesia.
2. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen to kill the abnormal cells.
3. Laser Surgery: Using a laser to remove or reduce the size of the lesion is another option, which may result in less bleeding and quicker healing.
4. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): This treatment uses a photosensitizing substance and a light source to destroy abnormal cells.
5. Chemotherapy: In some cases, topical chemotherapy creams may be applied to the lesion to destroy the abnormal cells.
6. Medications: Some oral medications may be prescribed to help manage or reduce the risk of progression to cancer.
7. Diet and Lifestyle Changes: Quitting tobacco and alcohol use is crucial, as these are major risk factors for the development and progression of precancerous conditions. A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables may also be beneficial.
8. Regular Monitoring: Even after treatment, regular follow-up exams are necessary to monitor the treated area and ensure that the condition does not return or progress to cancer.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and to discuss the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition. Early treatment of precancerous mouth conditions can significantly reduce the risk of these cells becoming cancerous.

Medications used in the treatment of precancerous mouth cancer

Medications used in the treatment of precancerous conditions of the mouth are primarily aimed at topical applications that can be directly applied to the lesion. These medications often fall into the category of chemotherapeutic agents, which are used to kill or inhibit the growth of abnormal cells. Here are some specific medications that may be prescribed:

1. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU): This is a topical chemotherapy cream that is applied directly to the lesion. It works by interfering with the DNA synthesis of the cells, preventing them from growing and dividing.(Manufacturers of 5-Fluorouracil: Biotechnica DWC LLC)
2. Docetaxel: This is another type of chemotherapy drug that may be used in some cases, although it is more commonly associated with the treatment of cancer rather than precancerous conditions.
3. Methotrexate: This medication is sometimes used topically and works by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid, which is necessary for cell division.
4. Retinoids: These are derivatives of vitamin A and have been used in the treatment of precancerous conditions. They work by promoting differentiation of the cells and inhibiting their growth. Examples include isotretinoin and tretinoin.

The use of these medications should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects. For example, 5-Fluorouracil can cause inflammation, ulceration, and pain at the site of application. Additionally, retinoids can have systemic side effects such as dry skin, liver function abnormalities, and increased risk of birth defects (in the case of isotretinoin).

Treatment with medications is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may include surgery, laser therapy, or other interventions. The choice of medication and treatment approach will depend on the specific characteristics of the lesion, the patient’s medical history, and the judgment of the treating healthcare provider. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to evaluate the response to treatment and to make any necessary adjustments.