Endometrial cancer survival rates range from 95% for localized (Stage I) to 17% for metastatic (Stage IV) cases
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Endometrial cancer survival rate
The survival rates for endometrial cancer can vary depending on several factors, including the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the type of endometrial cancer, the patient’s age, and overall health. Here are some general survival rates based on the stage of the cancer at diagnosis:
1. Localized (Stage I):
- 5-Year Relative Survival Rate: Approximately 95%
- Description: The cancer is confined to the uterus.
2. Regional (Stage II):
- 5-Year Relative Survival Rate: Approximately 70%
- Description: The cancer has spread to the cervix but not beyond the pelvic region.
3. Distant (Stage III):
- 5-Year Relative Survival Rate: Approximately 50%
- Description: The cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes.
4. Metastatic (Stage IV):
- 5-Year Relative Survival Rate: Approximately 17%
- Description: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or bones.
Additional Considerations:
- Type of Endometrial Cancer: Different types of endometrial cancer (e.g., endometrioid, serous, clear cell) have varying prognoses. Endometrioid carcinoma, which is the most common type, generally has a better prognosis compared to serous or clear cell carcinoma.
- Grade: The grade of the cancer (how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope) can also affect survival. Higher-grade cancers tend to grow and spread more quickly.
- Age and Overall Health: Younger patients and those in better overall health may have better outcomes compared to older patients or those with significant comorbidities.
Important Notes:
- 5-Year Relative Survival Rate: This is the percentage of people who survive at least 5 years after the cancer is diagnosed. Many people live much longer than 5 years, especially if the cancer is detected early.
- Individual Variability: These statistics are averages and do not predict the outcome for any individual patient. Each person’s situation is unique, and treatment outcomes can vary.
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer, it’s important to discuss the specific prognosis and treatment options with a healthcare provider who can provide personalized information based on the individual’s medical history and circumstances.

Signs of endometrial cancer on ultrasound
An ultrasound, particularly a transvaginal ultrasound, is a common imaging technique used to evaluate the uterus and endometrium. While ultrasound is not definitive for diagnosing endometrial cancer, it can provide valuable information that may suggest the presence of the disease. Here are some signs that might be observed on an ultrasound that could raise suspicion for endometrial cancer:
1. Thickened Endometrium:
- Description: The endometrial lining appears thicker than normal.
- Normal Thickness: The endometrium typically measures less than 5 mm in postmenopausal women and varies in premenopausal women depending on the menstrual cycle.
- Suspicious Thickness: A thickness of more than 5 mm in postmenopausal women or more than 10 mm in premenopausal women may be concerning.
2. Irregular Endometrial Contour:
- Description: The endometrial lining appears uneven or irregular in shape.
- Normal Contour: The endometrium usually has a smooth, uniform appearance.
3. Endometrial Mass:
- Description: A distinct mass or tumor within the endometrial lining is observed.
- Characteristics: The mass may appear solid or mixed with cystic components.
4. Uterine Wall Abnormalities:
- Description: The myometrium (muscle layer of the uterus) may show abnormalities, such as thickening or irregularities, if the cancer has invaded the uterine wall.
5. Adnexal Abnormalities:
- Description: The ovaries or fallopian tubes may show abnormalities if the cancer has spread to these areas.
6. Free Fluid in the Pelvis:
- Description: The presence of free fluid (ascites) in the pelvic cavity may suggest advanced disease or metastasis.
7. Lymph Node Enlargement:
- Description: Enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvic region may indicate spread of the cancer.
Important Considerations:
- Biopsy Confirmation: While ultrasound findings can raise suspicion for endometrial cancer, a definitive diagnosis requires a biopsy, typically performed via a procedure called a dilation and curettage (D&C).
- Other Causes: Thickened endometrium or other ultrasound findings can also be caused by other conditions, such as endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, or hormonal imbalances.
- Expert Interpretation: The interpretation of ultrasound findings should be done by a qualified radiologist or gynecologist who is experienced in evaluating gynecological conditions.
If ultrasound findings suggest the possibility of endometrial cancer, further diagnostic tests and consultations with a gynecologic oncologist will be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Endometrial cancer symptoms
Endometrial cancer often presents with symptoms that can be noticeable. Early detection is crucial for better treatment outcomes, so being aware of these symptoms is important. The most common and significant symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This can manifest as postmenopausal bleeding, which is any vaginal bleeding after menopause and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. In premenopausal women, changes in menstrual patterns, such as heavier, longer, or more frequent periods, or bleeding between periods, can also be signs of concern.
Another symptom that can occur is vaginal discharge. A watery, blood-tinged discharge that is not associated with menstruation can be a symptom of endometrial cancer. Additionally, pelvic pain or pressure can be a sign of the disease. Persistent or worsening pelvic pain or pressure, especially if it is not related to menstrual cycles, should be taken seriously. Pain during intercourse, known as dyspareunia, can also occur as the cancer grows and affects the surrounding tissues.
Unintentional weight loss can be a symptom, particularly in advanced cases of endometrial cancer. Significant, unexplained weight loss should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Chronic fatigue is another symptom that may accompany endometrial cancer. Persistent feelings of tiredness or fatigue that do not improve with rest can be indicative of the disease. Swelling or tenderness in the lower abdomen may occur as the cancer grows and affects the surrounding structures. Enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvic or abdominal region can also be a sign of advanced disease.

Endometrial cancer is more common in postmenopausal women, but it can occur in premenopausal women as well. Risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, nulliparity (never having given birth), late menopause, and a history of estrogen therapy without progesterone can increase the risk of endometrial cancer. If you experience any of these symptoms, especially abnormal vaginal bleeding, it is important to consult a healthcare provider promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.
Diagnostic steps typically include a pelvic exam, a physical examination of the pelvic area, and a transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the thickness of the endometrial lining. An endometrial biopsy, a procedure to collect a sample of the endometrial tissue for examination under a microscope, is often necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Hysteroscopy, a procedure to visually inspect the inside of the uterus using a thin, lighted tube, may also be performed. If you have any concerns or symptoms, discussing them with your healthcare provider is crucial for early detection and effective management of endometrial cancer.
How to test for endometrial cancer?
Testing for endometrial cancer typically involves a series of diagnostic procedures to confirm the presence of the disease and determine its extent. The process begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. The healthcare provider will take a thorough history, including information about symptoms, menstrual history, risk factors, and any previous gynecological conditions. A physical examination, including a pelvic exam, will be conducted to assess for any abnormalities in the uterus or surrounding structures.
Next, a transvaginal ultrasound is often performed. This involves inserting a small, ultrasound probe into the vagina to obtain detailed images of the uterus and endometrium. This test helps to evaluate the thickness of the endometrial lining and detect any masses or abnormalities within the uterus. If the ultrasound findings are concerning, an endometrial biopsy may be recommended. This procedure involves collecting a small sample of the endometrial tissue using a thin, flexible tube (catheter) or a small instrument called a pipelle. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope to check for cancerous cells. This is a definitive test for diagnosing endometrial cancer.
In some cases, a hysteroscopy may be performed. This involves inserting a thin, lighted tube with a camera (hysteroscope) through the cervix into the uterus. This allows the healthcare provider to visually inspect the inside of the uterus and take biopsies of any suspicious areas. If more extensive sampling is needed or if the endometrial biopsy is inconclusive, a dilation and curettage (D&C) may be performed. This surgical procedure involves widening the cervix and using a curette to scrape tissue from the uterine lining. The collected tissue is then sent for examination.
Imaging studies such as CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans may also be ordered to assess the extent of the cancer and check for any spread to other parts of the body. These tests help to determine the stage of the cancer and guide treatment decisions. Additionally, blood tests may be conducted to check for markers of cancer, assess overall health, and evaluate organ function. These tests can provide additional information about the patient’s overall condition and help in planning treatment.
The tissue samples collected during the biopsy or D&C are sent to a pathology laboratory for detailed analysis. The pathology report will confirm the presence of cancer, determine the type and grade of the cancer, and provide information about the extent of the disease. Finally, a consultation with a gynecologic oncologist is essential. This specialist will review the diagnostic results and develop a personalized treatment plan. The oncologist will discuss the stage of the cancer, treatment options, and prognosis with the patient.
In summary, testing for endometrial cancer involves a comprehensive approach that includes taking a medical history, performing a physical examination, using imaging techniques like transvaginal ultrasound, and conducting biopsies to collect and analyze tissue samples. These steps help to confirm the diagnosis, determine the extent of the cancer, and guide the development of an appropriate treatment plan. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving outcomes in endometrial cancer.
What does endometrial cancer discharge look like?
Endometrial cancer can present with various types of vaginal discharge, which may vary in appearance and consistency. The discharge associated with endometrial cancer often appears as blood-tinged, watery, or mucoid. It may be pink, red, or brownish, indicating the presence of blood, and can be thin and fluid-like or slightly thick. In some cases, the discharge may be more heavily blood-tinged, resembling menstrual blood, and can vary in consistency from thick to thin, depending on the amount of blood present. Additionally, the discharge may have a mucus-like appearance, mixed with blood, and can be sticky and stringy. In rare instances, the discharge may have an unpleasant odor, which can be a sign of infection or advanced cancer.
It is important to note that the appearance of the discharge can vary from person to person and may change over time. The discharge may occur at any time, not just during menstruation, and is particularly concerning in postmenopausal women, where any vaginal discharge, especially if it is blood-tinged, should be evaluated promptly. While these types of discharge can also be caused by other conditions, such as endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, or infections, a proper diagnosis is essential to determine the underlying cause.
If you experience any unusual vaginal discharge, especially if it is blood-tinged, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Diagnostic steps may include a pelvic exam, transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, or other imaging studies to confirm the presence of endometrial cancer or rule out other conditions. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes.
In summary, endometrial cancer discharge can vary in appearance and consistency, often appearing as blood-tinged, watery, or mucoid. It may also have an unpleasant odor. Any unusual vaginal discharge, particularly in postmenopausal women, should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
How fast does grade 3 endometrial cancer spread?
The speed at which grade 3 endometrial cancer spreads can vary depending on several factors, including the individual patient’s overall health, the specific characteristics of the cancer, and the effectiveness of treatment. However, grade 3 endometrial cancer is generally considered to be more aggressive compared to lower-grade cancers. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Aggressive Growth:
- High-Grade Cancer: Grade 3 endometrial cancer is characterized by cells that look very abnormal under a microscope and tend to grow and spread more quickly than lower-grade cancers.
- Local Spread: The cancer may spread within the uterus and to nearby tissues, such as the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, relatively quickly.
2. Lymph Node Involvement:
- Early Lymph Node Spread: High-grade cancers are more likely to spread to the lymph nodes in the pelvic and abdominal regions early in the course of the disease.
- Lymphatic System: The lymphatic system can facilitate the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body.
3. Distant Metastasis:
- Potential for Metastasis: Grade 3 endometrial cancer has a higher likelihood of metastasizing (spreading) to distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, bones, and brain.
- Timeframe: The timeframe for metastasis can vary, but high-grade cancers may spread within months to a few years.
4. Patient Factors:
- Overall Health: A patient’s overall health, immune system function, and response to treatment can influence how quickly the cancer spreads.
- Treatment Response: Early and effective treatment can slow the progression of the cancer, while delays or resistance to treatment can allow the cancer to spread more rapidly.
5. Prognosis:
- Prognosis: The prognosis for grade 3 endometrial cancer is generally less favorable compared to lower-grade cancers. However, early detection and aggressive treatment can significantly improve outcomes.
- Survival Rates: While survival rates vary, patients with grade 3 endometrial cancer have a lower 5-year relative survival rate compared to those with lower-grade cancers.
Important Considerations:
- Individual Variability: The speed of spread can vary widely among patients, and each case is unique.
- Regular Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments and imaging studies are crucial for monitoring the progression of the cancer and adjusting treatment as needed.
- Multimodal Treatment: Treatment often involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy, depending on the stage and extent of the cancer.
Grade 3 endometrial cancer is generally more aggressive and tends to spread more quickly compared to lower-grade cancers. The cancer may spread within the uterus and to nearby tissues relatively quickly and has a higher likelihood of spreading to the lymph nodes and distant organs. The speed of spread can vary depending on individual factors and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection, aggressive treatment, and regular monitoring are crucial for managing grade 3 endometrial cancer and improving outcomes.
What percentage of endometrial thickness is cancer?
The thickness of the endometrium alone is not a definitive indicator of whether endometrial cancer is present. However, certain patterns of endometrial thickness can raise suspicion for endometrial cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, the endometrial thickness can vary throughout the menstrual cycle, typically ranging from 3 mm to 16 mm. In postmenopausal women, the endometrium is usually thin, typically measuring less than 5 mm. An endometrial thickness of more than 5 mm in postmenopausal women or more than 10 mm in premenopausal women is considered abnormal and may warrant further investigation.
While a thickened endometrium can raise suspicion for endometrial cancer, it is important to note that many conditions can cause a thickened endometrium, including endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and hormonal imbalances. Any vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women, regardless of endometrial thickness, should be evaluated, as it is a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer increases with endometrial thickness, particularly in postmenopausal women. For example, one study found that an endometrial thickness of 8 mm or greater in postmenopausal women had a higher likelihood of being cancerous.
An endometrial biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing endometrial cancer. This procedure involves collecting a sample of the endometrial tissue for microscopic examination. Hysteroscopy, which allows for a visual inspection of the uterine cavity, can also help in obtaining tissue samples from suspicious areas. It is difficult to provide a specific percentage of endometrial thickness that is definitively cancerous, as many factors influence the likelihood of cancer. Each patient’s situation is unique, and the presence of other symptoms or risk factors can influence the likelihood of cancer.
A comprehensive evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy, is necessary to accurately diagnose endometrial cancer. Early detection and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. In summary, while a thickened endometrium can raise suspicion for endometrial cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women, it is not a definitive indicator. An endometrial biopsy is the definitive test for diagnosing endometrial cancer, and early detection and comprehensive evaluation are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
How long does it take for endometrial hyperplasia to turn into cancer?
The time it takes for endometrial hyperplasia to turn into cancer can vary widely and depends on several factors, including the type of hyperplasia, the presence of certain risk factors, and the effectiveness of treatment. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified into different types, with varying risks of progression to cancer.
Simple hyperplasia has a lower risk of progressing to cancer and can often be effectively managed with progestin therapy, which significantly reduces the risk of progression. Complex hyperplasia has a higher risk of progressing to cancer compared to simple hyperplasia, but timely and effective treatment can minimize this risk. Atypical hyperplasia, also known as endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, is the most concerning type of hyperplasia, as it has a higher likelihood of progressing to endometrial cancer. Without treatment, the risk of progression to cancer can be as high as 25% to 50% within 10 years.
Several risk factors can influence the progression of endometrial hyperplasia to cancer. Prolonged exposure to estrogen without the counterbalancing effects of progesterone increases the risk of hyperplasia and its progression to cancer. Obesity is another significant risk factor, as excess body fat can increase estrogen levels, promoting the development and progression of hyperplasia. Women with diabetes have a higher risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, as do those who have never given birth or experienced menopause later in life.
The timeframe for progression from hyperplasia to cancer can vary widely, ranging from months to several years. In some cases, hyperplasia may remain stable for many years without progressing. Atypical hyperplasia tends to progress more quickly compared to simple or complex hyperplasia. Without treatment, it can progress to cancer within a few years.
Treatment and prevention play a crucial role in reducing the risk of progression to cancer. Progestin therapy is the primary treatment for endometrial hyperplasia and helps to reverse the hyperplasia and reduce the risk of progression to cancer. In some cases, particularly for women who have completed childbearing or have atypical hyperplasia, a hysterectomy may be recommended to prevent progression to cancer. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor the condition and ensure that treatment is effective.
Individual variability and early detection are important considerations. Each patient’s situation is unique, and the risk of progression can vary. Early detection and effective treatment can significantly reduce the risk of progression to cancer. Lifestyle factors such as maintaining a healthy weight, managing diabetes, and avoiding prolonged unopposed estrogen exposure can also help reduce the risk of hyperplasia and its progression to cancer.
In summary, the time it takes for endometrial hyperplasia to turn into cancer can vary widely, depending on the type of hyperplasia, risk factors, and the effectiveness of treatment. Atypical hyperplasia tends to progress more quickly compared to simple or complex hyperplasia. Without treatment, the risk of progression to cancer can be as high as 25% to 50% within 10 years. Early detection, effective treatment with progestin therapy, and regular monitoring are crucial for reducing the risk of progression to cancer. Lifestyle factors such as maintaining a healthy weight and managing diabetes can also play a role in preventing progression.
Endometrial cancer icd 10
Here are the general ICD-10 codes for endometrial cancer:
- C54.1 – Malignant neoplasm of endometrium:
- This code is used for malignant neoplasms (cancers) of the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus.
- C54.2 – Malignant neoplasm of myometrium:
- This code is used for malignant neoplasms of the myometrium, which is the muscular layer of the uterus.
- C54.3 – Malignant neoplasm of fundus uteri:
- This code is used for malignant neoplasms of the fundus, which is the upper part of the uterus.
- C54.8 – Malignant neoplasm of other parts of uterus:
- This code is used for malignant neoplasms of other parts of the uterus not specified elsewhere.
- C54.9 – Malignant neoplasm of uterus, part unspecified:
- This code is used for malignant neoplasms of the uterus where the specific part is not specified.
Additional Considerations:
- Staging: The stage of the cancer (e.g., stage I, II, III, IV) is not included in the ICD-10 code but is often documented separately in medical records.
- Histological Type: The specific histological type of endometrial cancer (e.g., endometrioid, serous, clear cell) is also not included in the ICD-10 code but may be documented separately.
Example Codes:
- C54.1 – Malignant neoplasm of endometrium (endometrioid carcinoma)
- C54.2 – Malignant neoplasm of myometrium (sarcoma of the uterine muscle)
- C54.3 – Malignant neoplasm of fundus uteri (cancer of the upper part of the uterus)
The ICD-10 codes for endometrial cancer primarily fall under the category C54, with specific codes for different parts of the uterus. These codes are used for billing and reporting purposes and do not include detailed information about the stage or histological type of the cancer, which are typically documented separately in medical records.